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== Steps ==
=== How to Spot Landslide Risks on Your Property ===
# Before physically inspecting the property for landslide risks, consulting a topographic map will be helpful in knowing where the ground has once shifted.
#* When looking at topographic maps, thin, patterned lines show depict the shape of the land, with each contour line indicating a specific elevation. Naturally, these lines form in equal, undisturbed fashions; so it is easy to spot landslide areas.
#* A key indication that a landslide has occurred on a topographic map is a downward bulge on multiple of the lines. Streams, which often run in a downward fashion on topographic maps, form in a V-shape, which is clearly distinguishable from the landslide U-shape.
# Check for bent trees and fences.
#* Trees are an incredible source of geological information when it comes to landslides, as they live for hundreds of years, and can tell you where there has been land movement.
#* Since trees naturally want to grow vertically, a bent tree trunk can be clear evidence of a prior landslide. When trees slide but are not uprooted in the process, they simply bend and continue growing upwards- correcting their linearity. The image presented above is a prime example of this.
#* In addition to bent trees, bent fences can also show where landslides have occured. Similarly to trees, fences were put in place straight up and down, and are only moved when the ground is shifted.
# Examine Driveway and Surrounding Roads for Cracks.
#* Long, patterned cracks parallel to a road can be a red flag for a landslide area. Especially in close proximity to the home, on surfaces such as the driveway, checking for deep, lengthy cracks can unearth possible risk.
#* Even if filled and fixed, these cracks are in a landslide area, and will probably be opened again. The filling is simply temporary.
# Inspect Hillsides for Undercut Slopes.
#* Undercutting slopes, a process done by contractors to make more room for housing, is one of the proximal causes of landslides. During this process, a hillside is sliced into, and a chunk is removed, causing instability in the material.
#* Because the angle of repose is increased each time a hillside is undercut, the material becomes more and more unstable, causing it to be far more susceptible to landslides.
# Check for Previous Reinforcements.
#* If you have spotted landslide risks on your property, check for previous reinforcements that may have been installed to mitigate these issues in the past.
#* Mechanisms such as tarps and retaining walls are useless- as tarps are simply cosmetic, and retaining walls do not stretch tall or deep enough to keep land back.
#* If any of these are spotted, try to replace them with the mitigation tips listed below.
=== How to Mitigate Landslide Risks on Your Property ===
# Consider Installing Drainage Pipes
#* Many landslides begin during a period of excess rain, when the clay-filled soil is soaked with water, and expands to the point of moving land. Because of this, removing the rain is a solid, long-term option you could opt for in landslide risk areas.
#* Along hillsides, drainage pipes are installed horizontally to drain water from the hill’s water table to the ground below. By ridding of the water before it soaks into the soil, you are avoiding the risk rain produces entirely.
#* Unfortunately, installing drainage pipes needs professional consultation, time, money, and patience- as they take awhile to build, and tend to be expensive. The best way to ultimately avoid these costs is to check for landslide risks before purchasing a property- but it is an effective solution in the long-term.
# Look Into Rock Bolts
#* Rock Bolts are another long-term, effective solution to landslide risk areas on your property. Similarly to drainage pipes, rock bolts take time, money, and effort, but through their solid construction and reinforcements, it is worth the exertion.
#* By drilling a bolt twenty to thirty feet into the hillside, a chain link fence is attached to the side of the hill to hold it in place for the long-term. In the same fashion as the drainage pipes, a contractor must be contacted and hired to complete this job, as it takes a professional to do it correctly.
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